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What were the differences and similarities between the Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians with regard to political philosophy, long-term social and economic outlook, interpretations of the Constitution, and federal versus state power.
What were the differences and similarities between the Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians with regard to political philosophy, long-term social and economic outlook, interpretations of the Constitution, and federal versus state power.
Discuss the Jay Treaty, the Pinckney Treaty
(1795), the Whiskey Rebellion and its significance, the XYZ Affair, the
Naturalization Act, the Alien and Sedition Acts under Adams.
Discuss Jefferson's foreign affairs policies and
actions and his domestic policies and actions.
Discuss the Whisky Rebellion and its significance?
ReplyDeleteIn 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Washington's order mobilized an army of approximately 13,000-- as large as the one that had defeated the British-- under the command of General Harry Lee, the then-Governor of Virginia and father of Robert E. Lee.
DeleteDiscuss the Jay Treaty and it's significance.
ReplyDeleteJay's treaty was a treaty signed by Great Britain and the United States on November 19, 1794 that established a base upon which America could build a sound national economy, and assured its commercial prosperity. Britain agreed to evacuate the Northwest Territory by June 1, 1796 to end discrimination against American commerce and also stated that the Mississippi River would be open to both Great Britain and the United States. The treaty made it possible for American ships to trade with both England and France, and this was very important because export was a huge business for us in those days.
However, the idea put forth in the Jay treaty was partially or wholly ignored when the conflict between Britain and France began, leading to the infringement of America's neutral trading rights and eventually the war of 1812. Both European countries were impressing American seamen as 'revenge' for trading with the other party, and this wholly went against what the Jay treaty stated.
DeleteDiscuss the Pinckney Treaty and it's significance.
ReplyDeleteThe Pinckney Treaty was an agreement between Spain and the United States, fixing the southern boundary of the United States at 31° N latitude and establishing commercial arrangements favorable to the United States. U.S. citizens were granted free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory. The treaty granted Americans the privilege of tax-free deposit at New Orleans. Each side agreed to restrain Indians within its borders from attacks on the other, and there were provisions respecting freedom of the seas. The treaty was negotiated by Thomas Pinckney for the United States and Manuel de Godoy for Spain.
The treaty was also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid. It was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial. The treaty was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796 and after several weeks of debate was ratified on March 7, 1796. It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796 and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 3, 1796.
DeleteDiscuss the XYZ Affair and its significance.
ReplyDeleteThe XYZ Affair, a diplomatic scandal with France in 1798, involved French demands for exorbitant bribes from the US. Adams, known for his somewhat caustic temper, had made many quotes that angered the French government. Among the demands of the XYZ Affair was a full apology from Adams to French Foreign Minister Talleyrand. The importance of the XYZ affair was that it initiated the "Quasi War' with France, and created political divisions in the US. With a Federalist president, John Adams, and a Democratic-Republican VP, Thomas Jefferson, the White House was divided in its handling of France and Britain.
The "Quasi War" with France was ended in 1800 with the Treaty of Mortefontaine (or the Convention of 1800). This "Quasi War" started when Adams sent John Marshall, Elbridge Gerry, and Charles Pickney to end the impressment of seamen from American merchant ships by the French. The delegates were then snubbed by the French government, specifically by Nicholas Hubbard, later known as W, Jean Hottinguer, X, Pierre Bellamy Y, and Lucien Hauteval, or Z, who like Marisa said, demanded ridiculous bribes in order to have company with the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand.
DeleteDiscuss the Alien and Sedition Acts and their significance.
ReplyDeleteAlien and Sedition Acts were four bills that were passed by the Federalists in Congress and signed into law by President Adams in 1798. These acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years, restricted speech criticizing the government, and authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." These acts were put into place in order to undermine, suppress and silence the Democratic-Republican party. While Congress repealed the Naturalization Act in 1802, the other acts where simply, allowed to expire.
The first of the Alien Laws was aimed at pro-Jeffersonians in order to quell Jefferson's support in the lower class immigrants that were welcomed as voters by the less prosperous and more democratic Jeffersonians. This is commonly known as the Federalist witch-hunt.
DeleteThe Sedition Act was the final of the four acts passed. It provided that anyone who impeded the government's policies or trash-talked its officials would be held accountable to a heavy fine and imprisonment. This act was essentially shutting down the First Amendment, which upheld the freedoms of speech and of the press.
DeleteWhat were the differences and similarities between the Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians with regard to long-term social and economic outlook?
ReplyDeleteHamilton, a Federalist, believed that there was a need for a national bank called the " Bank of U.S." to eliminate the national debt. With the creation of the bank, he believed to have private institution with the government as a major stockholder, federal treasury would deposit surplus money, which would stimulate business by remaining in circulation, and wanted to bring back the printing of the paper money. Unlike Hamilton, Jefferson, a Republican, did not believe the creation of the bank because he believed that it was unconstitutional. Hamilton opposed Jefferson belief with the bank by referring to the Doctrine of Implied Powers in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Hamilton believed that the power was in the hands of "specialized" elite class, whereas Jefferson believed the power was in the hands of the people.
I think it would make this argument just a little bit more conclusive, if you added that the Federalist, were believers in a powerful federal government and that is why they believed the federal government should control the banks, and also explain that Jefferson, a Anti-Federalist was a believer not only in strict constructionism of the constitution, but moreso the belief in strong states rights, or as he said" the best government is one that governs the least", and so that is possible the underlying factor as to why economically, he believed that the States should have their own control over the banks in their own borders.
DeleteThe Naturalization Act of 1790 was passed in March by the first Congress. Although it was later repealed by the Naturalization Law of 1802, the Act prevented "aliens" from becoming citizens without certain requirements to access their moral character first. These requirements included being a free white male, along with living in the US for two years and, to address good moral character, potential citizens had to spend at least one year in their state of residency. Despite these flaws, the Act did provide the children of citizens naturalization, even if born abroad.
ReplyDeleteCongress also passed two additional Naturalization Laws. The first came in 1795, and served to lengthen the living requirement from two to five years. The second, the Naturalization Law of 1798, extended the residency requirement to fourteen years.
DeleteThis post is from Shelbi... she was having technical difficulties.
ReplyDeleteDiscuss Jefferson's domestic policies and actions.
During Jefferson's presidency, 1801-1809, he had a few domestic policies. Early in Jefferson's presidency he completed the Louisiana Purchase from France. This set way to future expansion in America. Between 1804 and 1806 he sent Louis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson hoped
to strengthen U.S. claim to the Oregon region. Late in Jefferson's presidency, he persuaded congress to pass the Embargo of 1807 to coerce Great Britain and France into respecting U.S. neutral rights. The U.S would not export any good or buy any products from abroad. Britain and France were not really hurt, but the U.S. economy was, especially New
England. The black market and smuggling was common. This embargo was very unpopular. However, one unintended consequence of the embargo was to encourage domestic manufacturing. As Jefferson prepared to leave office, Congress repealed the embargo.
Another one of Jefferson's domestic policies was that he believed that a good government would promote the encouragement of agriculture. He thought that Commerce would be "handmaiden" of agriculture rather than its driving force.
DeleteWhat were the differences and similarities between the Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians with regard to interpretations of the Constitution,
ReplyDeleteIn Regards to differences of interpretations of the constitution, Hamiltonians led by Alexander Hamilton and were members of the federalist party, believed in a more abstract view of the constitution meaning, that if it wasn't in the constitution, then we could do it. Where as, the Jeffersonian's led by Thomas Jefferson and members of the Anti-Federalist party, believed in concrete interpretations of the constitution meaning that if it wasn't in the constitution, then we cannot do it. However, interestingly enough Thomas Jefferson when he became president, he went against his own views when he sanctioned as president the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. which was not something that is permitted in the constitution itself, and he actually felt so bad that he asked congress to amend the constitution giving him permission to do so, but because of worry of the other party's involved in the purchase, congress went ahead and approved the purchase immediately. The similitaritys of the Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties were that they both believed in the consitution in being a soveriegn government, and backbone of America, but more so they all believed in the idea that America was a free nation and all sought to try to give as much freedom within healthy boundaries to their citizens they just differed in the ways of going about this freedom seeking.
Discuss Jefferson's domestic policies and actions.
ReplyDeleteWhen Jefferson entered office, his fist action was to establish a "wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another" but would also leave them alone to regulate their own affairs. He wanted a government that would respect the authority of the states, operate with a smaller bureaucracy, and cut its debt. He also wanted to cut down the standing military in the nation and rely on a militia to defend the nation.
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DeleteNik, you have not read what was already posted!! No credit for this response.
DeleteOne of Jefferson's domestic actions was the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which was made in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. He and fellow Democratic-Republican James Madison wrote these resolutions in secret, which were installed into the mentioned states. They stressed the compact theory, which meant that the states agreed to form the federal government. This in turn meant that the states could nullify any actions taken by the federal government, such as the Alien and Sedition Acts, if they overstepped their constitutional bounds. While aptly supporting states' rights, none of the other states aside from Virginia and Kentucky endorsed them.
ReplyDeleteDiscuss Jefferson's foreign affairs policies and actions
ReplyDeleteA shining example of Jefferson's foreign affairs actions lies in our "war" with Tripoli, which was initiated by Yusuf Qaramanli - the Pasha of Tripoli - in 1801. At this point in time, all maritime nations of the world wishing to engage in trade in the Mediterranean paid the Pasha tribute for the guarantee of safe passage for their trips. Jefferson refused, and upon Tripoli's declaration of war, sent the US Navy (a whopping six ships due to Jefferson's belief that a standing army/navy was unnecessary and potentially dangerous) to blockade the nation's shipping. Four years later, a small force of US Marines and Arab mercenaries successfully brought the Tripolitans to the point of peace. As a result, we agreed to pay $60,000 for the release of captive Americans, and Jefferson was brought to see the value of a navy, consequently commissioning 200 mini gunboats (the "mosquito fleet").
During Jefferson's time in office, France declared war on Europe while Britain declared war on France. Having all of this war, the amount of trade was lowering which caused oppression on the United States. Napoleon created a blockade of Great Britain, and then Great Britain created a blockade of Europe. These blockades were not very sufficient, but during the process 1500 American ships were abducted and the sailors were forced into the British navy. From this happening, Jefferson ordered the Embargo Act, which ended the trading with foreign countries from U.S. merchants. This act was used in order to keep the U.S. out of war by keeping American ships away from the blockades. This act was not obeyed entirely because many Americans would smuggle goods to different ports. From 1804-1809, the Embargo and Non-Intercourse Acts were passed. These acts were passed to prevent America from entering the war with France and the British. The Embargo Act didn't allow any trade between America and any foreign countries in order to prevent American ships from being abducted in the blockades being formed. Many being disobeyed this act, which then lead to the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809. This act allowed American merchants to trade with ports other then British. In 1809, the act was discarded but was then replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act, which stated that Americans could trade with foreign nations other then the nations in Europe. This act still failed to keep American ships out of the European ports.
DeleteThomas Jefferson created with various domestic policies and affairs throughout his presidency. Some of Thomas Jefferson's domestic policies and beliefs included favoring local governments over Federal government. Thomas Jefferson worked hard throughout his presidency to ensure the Federal government did not garner too much power.
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