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Identify the Market Revolution; how were trade and business encouraged within the borders of the US? Review developments in law, finance, internal improvements, and technology.
Identify the Market Revolution; how were trade and business encouraged within the borders of the US? Review developments in law, finance, internal improvements, and technology.
Explain how roads, canals,
and steamboats contributed to the development of the interior regions of the US
during the first half of the 1800s.
Identify the contenders for
the presidency in 1824; describe who won and why. Evaluate the long-term
effects of this election on American politics.
Describe the growth of
political parties in the 1820s and 1830s, especially the Democratic Party and
the Anti-Masons. What did each party want? Who were the leaders of each?
Discuss what role political parties played in the increasing tensions of the
period. What were the tensions of the period?
Andrew Jackson was called
the "People's President." Discuss the accuracy of this assessment in
terms of Jackson's personality, the struggle over the National Bank (how and
why Jackson "killed" the bank), his policy toward Native Americans
(include information on which Native American tribes were most successful in
resisting white encroachment and which were not and the Marshall Court
opinion), and his views and actions concerning the tariff.
What caused the
Nullification Crisis of 1832? Give the rationale behind Calhoun's objections,
describe Jackson's actions, and and explain what finally resulted.
Who was David Walker and how
did his views differ from Nat Turner's actions. Why did the South fear these
men, and what did southerners do about that fear? Discuss southern views on
African Americans and slavery in the 1830s.
Describe the early
settlement of Texas in the 1830s and explain why settlers came to desire
freedom from Mexican control. Discuss how the Mexican government viewed the
drive for Texas independence, and the methods they used to fight it. How was
independence for Texas finally achieved?
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ReplyDeletedentify the market revolution:
ReplyDeleteThe Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe in the 1700s, had produced new inventions and methods of production. This inspired American inventors to change the U.S. economy with new inventions of their own. This development of manufacturing and improved farming that had such a profound effect on American society is called the Market Revolution. It occurred during the years 1815-1840
Identify**
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DeleteOut of the time period
DeleteIn 1825 the Erie Canal was completed and in 1828 the first railroad appeared and lastly in 1835 Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph . Two years later after the telegraph invention the National Road or the Cumberland Road was finished.
DeleteIn 1834 the Combine Harvester was invented by Hiram Moore. This machine was a product of the market revolution that revolutionized wheat and grain farming in America by creating a machine that combined the tasks of harvesting, threshing, and cleaning grain crops. This machine is just one of the many inventions brought about by the market revolution that helped to develop manufacturing and production in America
DeleteThe National Road was a 620 mile- long connection between the Cumberland, Maryland and the Ohio River that opened the West for thousands of new settlers, which would eventually encourage trade. Construction of the road began in 1811 and was continuous until the road was rebuilt in the 1830s.
DeleteElection of 1824
ReplyDeleteThe candidates for the 1824 presidential election were John Q. Adams, William Crawford, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson. John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson were the closest to winning, however neither received majority vote in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives had to decide the election. This election was known as the Corrupt Bargain because Henry Clay was the speaker of the House and persuaded the members of the house to vote for John Q. Adams, which they did and he was then elected president. To many Americans this symbolized a corrupt system.
In order to win, you had to win a majority of the electoral votes. Meaning, you had to win more than 50%. There were 4 candidates running and no one won more than 50%. So it was put into the House and the congress voted. And the election went John Quincy Adams.
DeleteThe 1824 presidential election marked the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework and for the first time no candidate ran as a Federalist
DeleteThe cause of the nullification crisis is the opposition of the South and parts of the New England. It happened during the presidency of Andrew Jackson when the South Carolina created the 1832 Ordinance of Nullification declaring the Tariff of 1828 and 1832 as unconstitutional making it null and void resulting economic downturn.
ReplyDeleteThe Nullification Crisis occurred because of southern opinion of the Tariffs: they saw them as sectional tariffs and thought that the US government was unfairly favoring the North. This caused heightened sectional tensions, and South Carolina (always first to try to secede, it seems) refused to pay the tariff and threatened secession. In the south, the Tariff of 1828 was known as the 'Tariff of Abominations'.
DeleteThe tariff of 1828, or the "Tariff of Abominations", was a highly protectional tariff on industrial good that were produced in the North. The South saw this tariff as unfair since they had to buy the industrial goods for so much but they were selling their cotton and such for such a low price to the North.
DeleteThe crises started during Adams' presidency and then Jackson picked it up and there it ended during his presidency.
DeleteSoutherners started to question whether President Jackson and the democrats really represented southern interests. South Carolina became very united, but isolated from the rest of the country, especially when it seceded.
DeleteWho was David Walker?
ReplyDeleteHe was an African American that was very outspoken. He wrote an anti-slavery pamphlet, David Walker's Appeal, in which he got slaves to rebel against their masters. Even though he was a free man, he was still around the injustices that went on in the slave life.
The Anti-Slavery pamphlet was called Appeal…to the Colored Citizens of the World… (1829) :)
DeleteThe Appeal made a great impression in the South, with both slaves and slaveholders. To the slaves the words were inspiring and instilled a sense of pride and hope. Horrified whites, on the other hand, initiated laws that forbade blacks to learn to read and banned the distribution of antislavery literature. They offered a $3,000 reward for Walker's head, and $10,000 to anyone who could bring him to the South alive. Friends concerned about his safety implored him to flee to Canada. Walker responded that he would stand his ground. "Somebody must die in this cause," he added. "I may be doomed to the stake and the fire, or to the scaffold tree, but it is not in me to falter if I can promote the work of emancipation." A devout Christian, he believed that abolition was a "glorious and heavenly cause."
DeleteExplain how roads, canals, and steamboats contributed to the development of the interior regions of the US during the first half of the 1800s.
ReplyDeleteDevelopment on transportation connected the states together and sort of instilled a sense of union. Since roads were being built, resources could be taken into the interior or out of the interior. Likewise with steamboats and canals. With the canals being put into place, it became easier to travel by boat. The steamboat completely changed trade on the rivers though. Before the steamboat, the only way you could travel on a river was downstream. But now, people could use the steamboat to travel upstream for trade and to transport resources.
After the introduction of the steamboat to America in 1787 the American farming economy in the West was expanded greatly. Trade along the Mississippi River became much more simple, meaning that cotton and other crops could be ship easily to New Orleans, making the city port even more prosperous.
DeleteExplain how roads, canals, and steamboats contributed to the development of the interior regions of the US during the first half of the 1800s.
ReplyDeleteDuring the first part of the 1800s, the transportation system within the US' borders improved dramatically. A part of Henry Clay's American System, the idea of implementing widespread transportation and trade routes had already long been an idea in American society. When it finally came to pass, the trade routes helped to facilitate trade and transport with in American borders. Canals in the north allowed for industrial goods to be traded with agricultural goods of the south and west, and railroads and roads elsewhere also eased the flow of goods between the distinct regions. Since the north, south, and west all produced different goods, these transport routes made it much easier to get the goods from all areas in each of the regions. Steamboats were especially critical in the south, where they moved massive quantities of cotton from place to place, helping to revitalise slavery.
was an outspoken African American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts, he published in 1829 his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to the power within Black unity and struggle. This differed from Nat Turner, who was the leader of a successful slave revolt, because Nat Turner believed in violence and forceful end to slavery where as David Walker, believed strengthening the black community as a whole would help the end of slavery.
ReplyDeleteWas*
DeleteNat Turner was a semiliterate black preacher who in 1831 led a slave uprising. The uprising slaughered around sixty Virginians, most of which was women and children.
DeleteIn eastern Texas 20,000 settlers and 1,000 slaves outnumbered the 5,000 Mexicans in the area by 1830, but the settlers showed little interest in Catholicism and other aspects of Mexican culture. Beginning in 1824 when the Mexican Republic adopted its constitution, each immigrant took an oath of loyalty to the new nation and professed to be a Christian. Because the Catholic Church was the established religion, the oath implied that all would become Catholic, although the national and state colonization laws were silent on the matter. Slavery was also an issue. Mexicans abhorred slavery as allowed in the United States, but pragmatic politicians shut their eyes to the system in their eagerness to have the Anglos produce cotton in Texas.
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ReplyDeleteAndrew Jackson was known to be the "people's president" throughout his time in office, however this statement was incorrect as Jackson was a part of the aristocracy of the "West". Jackson was a wealthy slave owner from backwoods Tennessee with an aggressive personality that earned him the name Old Hickory. Although Jackson did champion a limited government with a small federal government, as evident in his killing the bank when he vetoed the renewal of its charter in 1836, he was against the Native Americans. His actions towards the Native Americans proves that Andrew Jackson was a polarizing figure that was not simply the "people's president", but rather looked out for his own interests and beliefs first.
ReplyDeleteJackson was determined to represent ordinary citizens against the privileged elite, however, the "common man" status did not extend to African Americans or Native Americans. He also forced massive removals of Native Americans.
DeleteExplain how roads, canals, and steamboats contributed to the development of the U.S. during the first half of the 1800's.
ReplyDeleteThe development of railroads was one of the most important inventions that brought economic change to the United States. Railroads were able to connect the western side of the United States to the Eastern side therefore expanding America's economy. A famous railroad at this time would be the Transcontinental Railroad. Robert Fulton using John Fitch's invention of the steamboat created the first successful commercially steamboat that would transport goods such as sugar, but it would also transport passengers . Through the years 1814-1834 the arrivals of steamboats increased from 20 to 1,200 in a year in New Orleans.
Explain how roads, canals, and steamboats contributed to the development of the interior regions of the US during the first half of the 1800s.
ReplyDeleteBy building roads and canals in the US during the early 1800s, trade was promoted throughout the United States as these new ways of transportation allowed finished goods from the west to be sent out to the more populous west from the roads and canals through steamboat. This caused for a higher demand of products to be made in the interior United States rather than having the goods being shipped through international trade. This national trade led to more people moving west and creating goods since, due to the new ways of transportation, they could send them east and or to the coast faster and more efficiently without having them rotting and being ruined
Describe the early settlement of Texas in the 1830s and explain why settlers came to desire freedom from Mexican control.
ReplyDeleteAmerican colonization in Mexican Texas took place between 1821 and 1835. In 1821,Mexico enacted the General Colonization Law, which enabled all heads of household, regardless of race or immigrant status, to claim land in Mexico. Mexico had neither manpower nor funds to protect settlers from near-constant Comanche raids and it hoped that getting more settlers into the area could control the raids. The government liberalized its immigration policies, allowing for settlers from the United States to immigrate to Texas.The first empresarial grant had been made under Spanish control to Moses Austin. The grant was passed to his son Stephen F. Austin, whose settlers, known as the Old Three Hundred, settled along the Brazos River in 1822. The grant was later ratified by the Mexican government. Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority from the United States of America. Bustamante outlawed the immigration of United States citizens to Texas in 1830. Several new presidios were established in the region to monitor immigration and customs practices. The new laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties, angering both native Mexican citizens and Anglos. In 1832, a group of men led a revolt against customs enforcement in Anahauc. These Anahuac Disturbances coincided with a revolt in Mexico against the current president. Texans sided with the federalists against the current government and after the Battle of Nacogdoches, drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas.
Texans took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom, resulting in the Convention of 1832. Among other issues, the convention demanded that U.S. citizens be allowed to immigrate into Texas, and requested independent statehood for the area. The following year, Texians reiterated their demands at the Convention of 1833. Although Mexico implemented several measures to appease the colonists, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's measures to transform Mexico from a federalist to a centralist state provided an excuse for the Texan colonists to revolt.
Nullification Crisis of 1832
ReplyDeleteIt was caused by the Tariff of Abominations which put a protective income tax on imports into the US. Against legislation that violated states' rights, John C. Calhoun cited the argument that if a state believed the federal government had exceeded its authority, it could object to the government's acts and actions. In Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition(1828), he declared that state legislatures had the right to rule federal laws unconstitutional and to nullify those laws. South Carolina jumped on this and responded in such ways to the Tariff of 1828. Calhoun also reasoned that, if necessary, a state had the right to secede. When Jackson became president he had come to face South Carolina and its threat to secede. Jackson dealt with this by warning that he will use the US Army to invade the state. South Carolina did not rescind its nullification until Henry Clay worked out a compromise tariff.
The Tariff made the South feel as if they were not getting the same treatment as the North because the tariff benefited cloth producers which were located in the north. This decreased British demand for cotton from the south.
DeleteHow was independence for Texas finally achieved?
ReplyDeleteAmerican settlers and their slaves were pouring in from the East and settling in Northern Mexico in the early 1820's where they greatly outnumbered the Mexican population. In 1829 the Mexican government halted immigration and required all settlers to convert to Catholicism. Not willing to accept this the settlers began to refuse and when General Santa Anna came to power and proclaimed himself as a dictator in 1834 settlers declared their independence from his rule. After facing many battles such as the Alamo in 1836 and the Battle of San Jacinto and losing the Texans refused to let go of their independence and waited for more than a decade as an independent republic before coming a state>
they did apply for annexation as a state but was not annexed until over a decade later because annexing Texas would throw off the balance of the equal number of slave states and free states in the United States because Texas wanted to be a slave state.
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ReplyDeleteDiscuss southern views on African Americans and slavery in the 1830s.
Defenders of slavery argued that if all the slaves were freed, there would be widespread unemployment and chaos. This would lead to uprisings, bloodshed, and anarchy. They pointed to the mob's "rule of terror" during the French Revolution and argued for the continuation of the status quo, which was providing for affluence and stability for the slaveholding class and for all free people who enjoyed the bounty of the slave society.
Thy typical image of slavery in the South was that of a large plantation with many slaves. In fact, only about 1/4 of the southerners owned slaves, and 88% owned 20 or fewer. Though they mostly despised the plantation owners, they aspired to own slaves and rise in status. Blacks were still seen as property and given no rights, even losing rights such as basic literacy. In Alabama, during 1833 the teaching of any black, Mulatto, Indian and indentured slaves became illegal by state law. So slaves where still the bottom of the totem pole, being nothing more than property to the southern population.
DeleteSoutherners argued against abolitionist by stating that slavery would have an enormous and devastating impact on not only the South's economy. The South relied on the labor of the slaves to produce cotton and other supplies whereas the North relied on the slave trade. Southerners saw African Americans as a source of money. A way for them to grow more crops and harvest more at a faster rate.
DeleteAndrew Jackson's policy on Native Americans was extremely hostile. Throughout his presidency Jackson continued to suppress five major Indian tribes: the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaw, Creek, and Choctaw. Jackson used legislation such as the Indian Removal Act, signed into effect in 1830, which essentially forced Native Americans to assimilate and often leave their homelands for the dry West like Oklahoma. However Jackson's views did not warrant no opposition, and in 1831 Chief Justice John Marshall rejected Jackson's views in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. Confrontation between the Supreme Court and Andrew Jackson was seen again in Worcester V. Georgia, when Marshall stated his opinion, which conflicted with Jackson's own, and Andrew Jackson replied, "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!"
ReplyDeleteThe 1830s marked the growth of a third political party known as the Anti-Masonic party. As one can tell by their namesake this party opposed the Masonic order, along with any other secret societies along with that since Americans condemned such organizations as citadels of privilege and monopoly.The Anti-Mason gained influence in New York and throughout the middle Atlantic and New England states, along with support from various evangelical Protestant groups.
ReplyDeleteJackson as the people's president.
ReplyDeleteJackson was the first self-made man to become the president, meaning that he did not come from the high ranks of society like the FFV's and wealthy that had been dominating the office presidency before him. This allowed him to understand the issues that the people faced because he had faced the same within his life rather than the third person position perspective of the well-off presidents before and allowed him to make changes benifiting the people.
ReplyDeleteIdentify the Market Revolution; how were trade and business encouraged within the borders of the US?
Following the War of 1812, the American economy was altered from an economy partly dependent on imports from Europe to an economy that evolved into an empire of internal commerce. In 1817 James Monroe replaced James Madison as president of the U.S. The Republicans continued policies begun in Jefferson’s administration. With a new generation of leaders the Republican Party came to embrace the principles of government activism and the development of large-scale domestic manufacturing.
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ReplyDelete